The Gender Politics of Work Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper :: Yellow Wallpaper essays

The Gender Politics of Work Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper The books of the nineteenth carbon cataloged the social, economical and political changes during its period. Through it many new concerns and ideologies were proposed and made their journeys through intellectual spheres that have endured and kept their relevance in our own period today. The literature, sometimes quite overtly, introduced the issues arising with the changes in society specifically collectable to the industrial revolution. In this mixture of new ideas was the question of womens bray and functions among this rapidly changing society. American authors as well as Victorian authors, like George Gissing and Mabel Wotton, explored these issues somewhat explicitly during this period. In America, Louisa May Alcott and Charlotte Perkins Gilman expressed these issues in short stories with strong implications of the dangers of unfulfilled or unprofitable labor available to women. With the emergence of an industria l working class that arrived from the farms and countryside new theories and ideologies about the political economy began to appear. Karl Marx, a political philosopher during this time, introduced the idea of insanity of labor. His theory proposed that labor has the ability to create a loss of reality in the laborer because the laborer himself becomes a commodity or object due to the nature of work. In terms of the roles of women it can be argued that the effect is even greater due to the limited choices of work available. This theme is expressed in literature through the writings of Gilman and Alcott. In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans, The Yellow Wallpaper we are introduced to characters that can be argued to be representational of society in the 19th century. The narrator, wife to a seemingly prominent debase, gives us a vision into the alienation and loss of reality due to her lack of labor. I also contend however that this alienation can also be attributed to her infantilization by her husband, which she willingly accepts. John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage (1). The narrator here realizes her place among the score of society and even notes that it is to be expected. She is aware of her understanding that things between she and her husband are not equal not only because he is a doctor but because he is a man, and her husband. The narrator is forbidden from work and confined to rest and leisure in the text because she is supposedly stricken with, temporary flyaway depression - a slight hysterical tendency, that is diagnosed by both her husband and her brother, who is also a doctor (1).

Essays --

Have you ever thought about what move you would land in? The flight of a ex-servicemanerinarian has pulled me in. A definition of a veterinarians job is some one who diagnoses and controls animal diseases, treats sick and injured animals medically and surgically, prevents infection of animal disease, and advises owners on proper care of pets and livestock. Veterinarians stick out to have an unconditional love for animals, wildlife, and science and have a drive to improve the health and head-fare of society as a whole. I posses the quality of a love for animals having experience with many pets at home. In addition vets have to be well rounded as a person. They have to be smart, and have people skills which I do. My stronger subjects are science and math where being a vet, going into treat has a lot to do with science particularly biology which I did very well in and have a great interest for. This career is special to me because I would be able to improve society, by helping o ther peoples animals, as well as possibly purpose new cures too, which is why I can definitely see myself being a veterinarian in the future. To be a veterinarian it is necessary to have a wide skill set/talents, responsibilities and required training. Veterinarians must be extremely responsible because any mistake could hurt another living zoology that you have been trusted with. To be successful you must have the ability to be independent, a team player in some cases, a wide-cut public speaker, quick on your feet, good with people, and have good communication skills. roughly days vets are always on the go with multiple sound calls, treatments, etc. and must have physical and mental stamina. In addition good communication/ public speaking is necessary when dealing w... ...become a vet including smart, independent, and a good public speaker. However becoming a vet requires an abundant amount of training and education. I would have to spend at to the lowest degree four to six ye ars in collage which I was planning to do. In addition, I believe that all the hard work would pay rack up when you get a job and start making over $93,000 (mean salary) a year on average Opening your own business would make more more depending on type, location, and experience. Even if you dont open your own practice there are plenty of places where you could get hired including by the government. Some employee benefits could be pension when you retire, having a variety of jobs to choose from, and less competition for jobs after college if you complete it successfully. Being a veterinarian also helps society as a whole stopping spread of diseases and promoting health.

Anime on TV :: Essays Papers

Anime on TVSince the birth of Anime, the American goggle box market has been a player in the industry. When Tetsuan Atom made its debut in 1963 as the dream of a humble comic book artist, few would sport guessed the impact it would have on the world of entertainment and the economy of japan. Discovered by a NBC executives in Japan selling shows for syndication, Astro Boy as it came to be known in the states, started a revolution in Japanese entertainment and giving America, and the world, its first taste of Anime. The success of Astro Boy led to the overnight development of an Anime industry filled with copycats, originals, and half way attempts that lead to what we see today. Famous names like Miyazaki, Otomo, and Rintaro all made their start in the industry that came from the humble beginnings as the gleam in the eye of a man named Tezuka. Over the next three decades gum anime made repeated leaps into the American market, Kimba the white lion, Speed Racer and Robotech gave way to Transformers, Voltron, and Sailor Moon. Eventually, Dragonball made its debut. All the while Anime was slowly gaining its place in America, meanwhile in Japan it was developing into a full-fledged industry. Today, the American industry of showing Anime has developed to a five plus hour per day airing crossways multiple networks and cable channels. While the early exposures where largely unchanged, as other, more mature titles where purchased for the US market the editing process began. Due to the US home run of animation as a strictly childrens medium, shows where edited for language, content, and story. While it is debatable as to whether these changes ruined or improved the anime, it is undeniable that it gave Anime the iodine thing it needed most to make it in the American market exposure. Exposure makes marketHigh exposure leads to a larger fan coarse and while many have no clue or interest in what exactly anime is, carefull look at the TV industry allows whizz to follow a clear trend, if we have 100 pokemon fans in 1998, then in 2000 we have about 75 DBZ fans who now hate pokemon, in 2002 we have around 45 lovers of Cowboy Bebop, Outlaw Star, Inuyasha, and around 20 hard core otaku who have found the world of fan and digi subs. By 2010, we have an anime industry with accolades of fans swarming in unprecedented numbers, all because a few shows debuted on TV back in the day.

Waiting for the Sun :: Essays Paper

Waiting for the Sun1 The theme of Sweat Titles is that in a fight between good and evil, good wins out eventually, because every evil done will come back to the source in time. There are three concepts that support this theme. They are dispute, irony and symbolism. 2 The conflict of the story is good vs. evil. Delia is good. She goes to church on a regular basis, sometimes more often than regularly. She continues to stay and fulfill her marital responsibilities, regardless of the fact that her hubby is cruel. She also kills Sykes, or at least lets him die. 3 Combine with previous paragraph. Sykes is evil. He cheats on his wife and abuses her mentally, physically and verbally. The most evil thing Sykes does is let the serpent loose in Delias hamper. His intent is that the snake will attack and bite Delia. Delia would die from the snakes venom, and then she would be out of his life. 4 Irony supports the theme of this story. Sykes puts the snake into the hamper so that it will bite Delia when she goes to do the laundry. Instead, Delia gets away from the snake, and Sykes gets bit. This is ironic because Delia said, What goes over the devils back, is got to come over his belly,(762) earlier in the story. What Delia says undercuts the irony. 5 Combine with previous paragraph. Another irony of the story is when Delia notices there is only one match left. She curses Sykes for never getting any, and then she lights her lantern. When Sykes goes to get one, the match prophylactic is empty. He is left in the dark because he never bought any matches. Wouldnt one expect no matches if no one bought any? I dont hitch the irony. 6 The most important concept of this story is symbolism. Sykes kicks a pile of white laundry, which symbolizes is? an evil act. The laundry is white which symbolizes good. Sykes stepped roughly on the whitest pile (761). A snake symbolizes evil or death. In the story the snake delivers the death.

The Behaviorist, Psychodynamic and Humanistic Contributions to Psycholo

This essay pull up stakes in turn look at the behaviorist, Psychodynamic, and human-centred approaches to Psychology. It will evaluate the assumptions and contributions for each approach. Behaviorists emphasize the relationship between the environment surrounding a person and how it affects a persons behavior. They are generally concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotion. This is a criticism of the behaviorist approach it is seen as mechanistic and oversimplified, because it ignores mental processes or reinterprets them as just types of behavior. John Watson saw emotions as the secretion of glands and thinking as the movement of our vocal chords without actual speech. However studies have been carried out and it has been gear up that people can still think even when their vocal chords are paralyzed. Behaviorists make the assumption that in humans virtually all behaviors are caused by learned relat ionships between a stimulus that excites the sense organs and a response which is the reaction to the stimulus. John Watson was strongly influenced by the work of Pavlov on unspotted conditioning. Pavlov trained dogs to salivate whenever he rang a bell. An unconditioned Stimulus (the bell) leads to an unconditioned Response (salivation). When the unconditioned stimulus is paired with another Stimulus (food), this stimulus will eventually produce the response on its own and is then called the conditioned stimulus which produces a Conditioned response. Behaviorists propose that phobias come about in a similar way, for example, somebody who is spider-phobic, might have learned to be scar... ... This essay has evaluated the assumptions and contributions of the deportmentist, psychodynamic and do-gooderic approaches to psychology. The behaviourist approach focuses on the behaviour of people and seeks to explain behaviour as being learnt. The psycho dynamic and humanist approaches are more concerned with the emotional aspects of peoples lives rather than their behaviour. The psychodynamic approach places importance on childhood experience. The humanist approach places more emphasis on the importance of our self image. Bibliography Basic Psychology by Henry Gleitman (First Edition) Psychology, third edition by Cardwell, Clark and Meldrum Psychology A New Introduction by Richard Gross, Rob McIlveen, Hugh Coolicun, Alan Clamp and Julia Russell (Twelfth Edition) Class lectures and handouts

The Behaviorist, Psychodynamic and Humanistic Contributions to Psycholo

This essay lead in turn look at the behaviorist, Psychodynamic, and humanitarian approaches to Psychology. It will evaluate the assumptions and contributions for each approach. Behaviorists emphasize the relationship between the environment surrounding a person and how it affects a persons behavior. They are generally concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotion. This is a criticism of the behaviorist approach it is seen as mechanistic and oversimplified, because it ignores mental processes or reinterprets them as just types of behavior. John Watson saw emotions as the secretion of glands and thinking as the movement of our vocal chords without actual speech. However studies have been carried out and it has been erect that people can still think even when their vocal chords are paralyzed. Behaviorists make the assumption that in humans virtually all behaviors are caused by learned relationships bet ween a stimulus that excites the sense organs and a response which is the reaction to the stimulus. John Watson was strongly influenced by the work of Pavlov on guiltless conditioning. Pavlov trained dogs to salivate whenever he rang a bell. An unconditioned Stimulus (the bell) leads to an unconditioned Response (salivation). When the unconditioned stimulus is paired with another Stimulus (food), this stimulus will eventually produce the response on its own and is then called the conditioned stimulus which produces a Conditioned response. Behaviorists propose that phobias come about in a similar way, for example, somebody who is spider-phobic, might have learned to be scar... ... This essay has evaluated the assumptions and contributions of the demeanorist, psychodynamic and humanistic approaches to psychology. The behaviourist approach focuses on the behaviour of people and seeks to explain behaviour as being learnt. The psychodynamic and hum anist approaches are more concerned with the emotional aspects of peoples lives rather than their behaviour. The psychodynamic approach places importance on childhood experience. The humanist approach places more emphasis on the importance of our self image. Bibliography Basic Psychology by Henry Gleitman (First Edition) Psychology, third edition by Cardwell, Clark and Meldrum Psychology A New Introduction by Richard Gross, Rob McIlveen, Hugh Coolicun, Alan Clamp and Julia Russell (Twelfth Edition) Class lectures and handouts

Elements of the Gothic Genre

The gothic novel was invented al almost single-handedly by Horace Walpole, whose The Castle of Otranto (1764) contains essentially all the elements that constitute the genre. Walpoles novel was imitated not unaccompanied in the eighteenth century and not only in the novel form, but it has influenced writing, poetry, and still film making up to the present day. It introduced the term gothic romance to the literary world. Due to its inherently supernatural, surreal and sublime elements, it has maintained a dark and mysterious appeal. However, the roots of the knightly? precede the mediaeval? plant of Horace Walpole.The focus on the grotesque in the gallant period (visible especially in the paintings and architecture of the period) provides a key backdrop against which Gothic must be read, as do the violent and pr serveically grotesque tragedies written for the Elizabethan and Jacobean theatre, with their detailed, almost surgical exploration of the supernatural, vice, corruption , imprisonment, brutality and sexuality, all of which were to provide the truly substance of the Gothic authors. (Note particularly Macbeth? and Dr Faustus?) Gothic lit is devoted primarily to stories of villainy, the fantastic, and the darker supernatural forces.These forces often represent the dark side of human nature irrational or cataclysmic desires. Gothic literature derives its name from its similarities to the Gothic medieval cathedrals, which feature a majestic, unrestrained architectural style with often savage or grotesque laurel wreath (the word Gothic derives from Goth, the name of sensation of the barbaric Germanic tribes that invaded the Roman Empire). The Gothic genre (in both(prenominal) literature and architecture) is therefore associated with savagery and barbarism.Generally speaking, gothic literature delves into the macabre nature of humanity in its quest to satisfy mankinds intrinsic desire to plummet the depths of terror. The key features of gothic tex ts are 1) the appearance of the supernatural, 2) the psychology of horror and/or terror, 3) the poetics of the sublime, 4) a sense of mystery and dread 5) the appealing hero/villain, 6) the distressed heroine, and 7) fortified moral closure (usually at least). ELEMENTS OF THE GOTHIC IN TEXTS 1. circumstance in a castle or haunted house. The consummationion takes place in and around an old castle, sometimes jawmingly aband whizzd, sometimes occupied.The castle often contains secret passages, trap doors, secret live, dark or hidden staircases, and possibly ruined sections. The castle may be near or connected to caves, which contribute their own haunting flavour with their branchings, claustrophobia, and mystery. (Translated into modern filmmaking, the setting might be in an old house or mansionor even a new housewhere unusual camera angles, sustained close ups during movement, and darkness or shadows create the same sense of claustrophobia and entrapment. ) It is usually a d hyg ienicing that is be by or visited regularly by a ghost or other supposedly supernatural cosmos.Example Horace Walpoles The Castle of Otranto. Walpoles novel first introduced to gothic literature its single most influential convention, the haunted castle. The castle is the main setting of the write up and the centre of activity. Cemetery /Graveyard. A cemetery defines a place which is employ for the burial of the beat(p). Cemeteries are widely utilise in Gothic Literature as oftentimes frightening places where revenance corporation occur. Catacombs are especially evocative Gothic spaces because they enable the living to enter below ground a dark labyrinth resonating with the presences and mysteries of the dead. . The Weather is used in a number of shipway and forms, some of these being Mist This convention in Gothic Literature is often used to obscure objects (this can be related to the sublime) by cut visibility or to prelude the insertion of a terrifying person or thing Storms These often accomp any(prenominal) important events. Flashes of lightning accompany revelation din and downpours prefigure the appearance of a character or the beginning of a significant event (eg thunder precedes the entrance of the witches in Macbeth?Sunlight represents goodness and joyfulness it excessively has the power to bestow these upon characters. 3. An strain of mystery and suspense. (or a sense of dread) The work is pervaded by a panicening feeling, a fear enhanced by the unknown. Often the plot itself is built around a mystery, such as unknown parentage, a disappearance, or some other inexplicable event eg. Ghosts paseo or a painting coming to life. There may be an ancient prophecy connected with the castle or its inhabitants. It is usually obscure, partial or confusing.This serves to captivate the reader and encourage further reading. The atmosphere may also be seen acting upon the protagonists in texts, influencing them by exciting their curiosity or f ear. 4. Claustrophobia / Entrapment & poundage A favourite horror device of the Gothic finds a person confined or trapped, such as being shackled to a substructure or hidden away in some dark cell or cloister. This sense of there being no way out contributes to the confined psychology of Gothic space. It consists of an kinky dread of being confined in a close or narrow space.Often ttributed to actual physical imprisonment or entrapment, claustrophobia can also figure more(prenominal) generally as an indicator of the victims sense of dish uplessness or horrified mental awareness of being ensnarl in some dark, inscrutable destiny 5. The supernatural may be intrinsic to the plot. This is generally in the form of some kind of supernatural being or object, such as a vampire, witch, devil or ghost, which is frightening due to its refusal to adhere to the laws of nature, God or man. In Macbeth? there are trey witches. Dr Faustus communicates with a demon and indirectly with Lucife r.All of Paradise Lost? involves the supernatural. 6. Dreams, omens, portents, visions. Dreaming is characterised as a form of mental activity that takes place during the act of sleep. Dreams invoke strong emotions within the intakeer, such as ecstasy, joy and terror. Dreams dredge up these deep emotions and premonitions that reflect tellingly upon the dreamer, what one might conceal during waking hours but what emerges in sleep to haunt and arouse the dreamer. It is most likely due to this heightened emotional state that dreams are used so often within Gothic Literature.By invoking dream states within their characters, authors are able to illustrate emotions on a more unmediated and, oftentimes, terrifying level. Dreams reveal to the reader what the character is often too dismayed to realise about himself or herself. Dreaming also has an ancient relation with the act of foretelling wherein the future is glimpsed in the dream state. Perhaps the most illustrious Gothic example of significant dreams occurs in Shelleys Frankenstein? after Frankenstein awakes his creature he falls into a dream state that begins with his kissing of Elizabeth, his love.However, this kiss changes her in the most drastic way as she transforms into the rotting corpse of Caroline, Victors dead mother. Upon awakening from this horrifying dream, Victor finds himself staring into the face of the monster he has created. Interpretations of this dream chair to explorations of Frankensteins psyche, relational ability and sexuality. A character may have a move dream vision, or some phenomenon may be seen as a portent of coming events. For example, if the statue of the lord of the manor falls over, it may portend his death.In modern prevarication, a character might see something (a shadowy figure incisive another shadowy figure) and think that it was a dream. This might be thought of as an imitation vision. Banquo in Macbeth? dreams of the weird sisters?. Lady Macbeth?s suppressed misde ed emerges when she is seen sleepwalking. 7. The stock characters of Gothic fiction include tyrants, villains, bandits, maniacs, Byronic heroes, persecuted maidens, femmes fatales, madwomen, magicians, vampires, werewolves, monsters, demons, angel, fallen angel, the beauty and the beast, revenants, ghosts, perambulating skeletons, the Wandering Jew, and the Devil himself. .Villain-Hero ( friction matchic, Promethean, Byronic Hero) The villain of a story who either 1) poses as a hero at the beginning of the story or 2) simply possesses enough heroic characteristics (charisma, sympathetic past, etc) so that either the reader or the other characters see the villain-hero as more than a simple charlatan or bad guy. Three closely related types exist Satanic Hero a Villain-Hero whose villainous deeds and justifications of them make him a more interesting character than the rather bland good hero.Example The origin of this prototype comes from Romantic misreading of Miltons Paradise Lost, w hose Satan poets like Blake and Shelley regarded as a far more compelling figure than the moralistic God of Book III of the epic. Gothic examples Beckfords Vathek, Radcliffes Montoni, and just about any vampire. Promethean a Villain-Hero who has done good but only by performing an over-reaching or rebellious act. Prometheus from ancient Greek mythology saved mankind but only after stealing fire and ignoring Zeus order that mankind should be kept in a state of subjugation.Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is tellingly subtitled the Modern Prometheus. Consider whether Dr Faustus is a Promethean hero. (The overreaching arches and spires of Gothic cathedrals reach wildly to the sky as if the builders were trying to grasp the heavens , an ambition for the eternal that is likewise expressed in many works of Gothic literature (consider Manfreds quest for supernatural power in Byrons poem, or Frankensteins quest to become godlike by creating life or Dr. Faustus pact religious offering his soul for 24 years of power).Byronic Hero a later variation of the antithetically mixed Villain-Hero. Aristocratic, suave, moody, handsome, solitary, secretive, brilliant, cynical, sexually intriguing, and nursing a secret wound, he is celebrated because of his fatal attraction for female characters and readers and continues to occasion debate about gender issues. Example Byrons Childe Harold and, more gothically, Manfred are the best examples, but this darkly attractive and very conflicted male figure surfaces everywhere in the 19th and 20th century gothic eg Heathcliff or Wilde?s Dorian Gray.Byron himself was described as mad, bad and terrible to know. The Byronic hero in literature and life A. Robin Hood B. Richard III C. Iago D. Faust/ Dr. Faustus E. Miltons Satan F. Victor Frankenstein G. Frankensteins Creature H. Dracula I. Byron?s Manfred J. Cain K. Lara L. Conrad M. Childe Harold N. Byron, Shelley O. Ambrosio P. Peter Quint Q. fly the coop Jessel R. Stalin S. Hitler T. The Un abomber U. Prometheus 9. The Pursued Protagonist This refers to the idea of a pursuing force that relentlessly acts in a severely negative manner on a character.This persecution often implies the notion of some sort of a curse or other form of terminal and utterly unavoidable damnation, a notion that usually suggests a return or hangover of traditional religious ideology to chastise the character for some real or imagined wrong against the moral order. The Wandering Jew is by chance the archetypically pursued/pursuing protagonist. Drew McCray 10. Pursuit of the Heroine This is the pursuit of a virtuous and idealistic (and usually poetically inclined) young woman by a villain, normally portrayed as a wicked, older but still potent aristocrat.While in many early Gothic novels such a chase occurs crosswise a Mediterranean forest and/or through a subterranean labyrinth, the pursuit of the heroine is by no means limited to these settings. This pursuit represents a threat to the young la dys ideals and morals (usually meaning her virginity), to which the heroine responds in the early works with a passive courage in the face of danger later gothic heroines more and more become more active and occasionally effective in their attempts to escape this pursuit and indict patriarchy. eg. Angela Carter?s The Bloody Chamber. ?Women in distress. As an appeal to the poignancy and sympathy of the reader, the female characters often face events that leave them fainting, terrified, screaming, and/or sobbing. A lonely, pensive, and oppressed heroine is often the central figure of the novel, so her sufferings are even more pronounced and the focus of attention. The women suffer all the more because they are often abandoned, left alone (either on purpose or by accident), and have no protector at times.Women threatened by a almighty, impulsive, tyrannical male. One or more male characters has the power, as king, lord of the manor, father, or guardian, to demand that one or more of the female characters do something intolerable. The woman may be commanded to marry someone she does not love (it may even be the powerful male himself), or commit a crime. 11. The Outsider The one theme that cuts through virtually all Gothic is that of the outsider, embodied in wanderers like Frankensteins creature.Gothic fiction is concerned with the outsider, whether the stationary figure who represses his difference, or the wandering figure who seeks for some kind of salvation, or else the individual who for whatever reason- moves entirely outside the norm. In any event, he is beyond the moderating impulses in guild, and he must be punished for his transgression. He is gloomy and melancholy, full of self-pity and self-hatred. Like Cain, he is the perpetual outsider, marked by his appearance, crack of doomed to wander the four corners of the earth, alone and reviled.It may be argued that Frankenstein himself becomes an outsider as he grows more and more like his creation. . W hile the society at large of all time appears bourgeois in its culture and morality, the Gothic outsider is a counterforce driven by strange longings and destructive needs. While everyone else appears sane, he is insane while everyone else appears bound by legalities, he is trying to snap the pitiless constrictions of the law while everyone else seems to lack any peculiarities of taste or behaviour, he feels only estrangement, sick longings, terrible surges of power and devastation.Take for example, Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights?. 12. Possession The popularity of belief in demonic possession seems to have originated within Christian devotion during the Middle Ages. During this time, Christians lived in fear concerning the war being waged between God and the Devil over every mortal soul. Hence, this fear of possession seemed to culminate into an act that could be viewed by the mortal eye. This act is defined as the pressure possession of a mortal body by the Devil or one of his d emons.There are two types of possession and either can be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary possession seems to involve a willing exchange in the form of some compact between evil spirit and mortal, often involving wealth, power or goods (eg. The pact Faustus makes) involuntary possession occurs when the devil randomly selects an unplanned host. The two types of possession consist of the transference of the Devil or demon directly into the mortal body or the sending of the Devil or demon into the body by a third party, usually a mortal dabbler in the dark arts.Following the act, the possessed is said to show many symptoms including abnormal strength, personality changes, fits, convulsions, bodily odours resembling sulphur, lewd and lascivious actions, the ability to levitate, the ability to speak in tongues or the ability to foretell future events. Many religions acknowledge the act of possession still today, most notably the Catholic Church. There seem to be three ways in which to end a possession. 13. Revenance This is the return of the dead to terrorise or to settle some score with the living.4. Revenge Revenge is characterized as the act of repaying someone for a harm that the person has caused the idea also points back generically to one of the key influences upon Gothic literature the revenge tragedies of Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. Revenge may be enacted upon a loved one, a family member, a friend, an object or even an area. Within Gothic Literature, revenge is notably prominent and can be enacted by or upon mortals as well as spirits.Revenge can take many forms, such as harm to body, harm to loved ones, and harm to family. The most Gothic version of revenge in Gothic Literature is the idea that it can be a guiding force in the revenance of the dead. 15. Unreliable Narrator A narrator tells a story and determines the story?s point of view. An unreliable narrator, however, does not understand the importance of a particular situation or makes an i ncorrect conclusion or confidence about an event that he/she witnesses.An important issue in determining the The Turn of the Screw. 16. Multiple Narrative/Spiral Narrative Method The story is frequently told through a series of secret manuscripts or multiple tales, each revealing a deeper secret, so the narrative gradually spirals inward toward the hidden truth. The narrator is often a firstperson narrator compelled to tell the story to a fascinated or captive listener (representing the captivating power of forbidden knowledge). (Note Wuthering Heights?) 17. High, even overwrought emotion.The narration may be highly sentimental, and the characters are often overcome by anger, sorrow, surprise, and especially, terror. Characters suffer from raw nerves and a feeling of be doom. Crying and emotional speeches are frequent. Breathlessness and panic are common. In the filmed gothic, screaming is common. 18. The Sublime The definition of this key term has long been a contested term, but the idea of the sublime is essential to an understanding of Gothic poetics and, especially, the attempt to defend or justify the literature of terror.Put raw materialally (and this really is basic a fuller understanding of the Sublime would be useful to students of Wordsworth or any Gothic Literature), the Sublime is an overpowering sense of the greatness and power of nature, which can be uplifting, aweinspiring and terrifying, caused by experience of beauty, vastness or grandeur. Sublime moments lead us to consider the place of humanity in the universe, and the power exhibited in the world. 19. loathsomeness as intrinsic to humanityGenerally speaking, gothic literature delves into the macabre nature of humanity in its quest to satiate mankinds intrinsic desire to plumb the depths of terror. 0. Necromancy This is the black art of communicating with the dead. This is usually done to obtain information about the future, but can also be used for other purposes, such as getting the d ead to perform deeds of which humans are not capable. The conjurer often stood in a circle, such as a pentagram, in order to protect himself from the dead spirit, yet he was often overpowered by the spirit. Examples The most famous examples of necromancy can be open up in literary renditions of the Faust legend, from Marlowe to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to Byron with his Manfred.In these works, Faust not only speaks with the devil in order to strike a deal but necromantically invokes various dead, famous figures from the past for his entertainment and edification. 21. Blood -This is a prominent symbol in Gothic works often intimating the paradox of the human condition blood can represent both life and death, or both guilt (e. g. , murder) and innocence (e. g. , redemptive blood). Consider references to blood in Macbeth?, Byrons Manfred and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. 22.Marriage as Resolution The importance of marriage in this scheme cannot be overstated. Not only does movement to ward matrimony in the Gothics present trigger the appearance of the buried past, but that buried past itself always contains information tied to the institutions of matrimony or family interest. 23. Sadism The word sadism was coined to describe the writings of Donatien-AlphonseFrancois, the Marquis de Sade. Sadism is a sexual perversion where one person gains gratification by inflicting physical or mental pain on others.It can also mean a delight in torment or excessive cruelty. (Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights? / or the husband in The Bloody Chamber?. 24. Strong Moral Closure If de Sade is to be believed, the Gothic genre arose as a response to the brutality and bloodiness of Romantic society, and it as part of this response that Gothic fiction usually contains a strong moral. 25. The metonymy of gloom and horror. Metonymy is a subtype of metaphor, in which something (like rain) is used to stand for something else (like sorrow).For example, the film industry likes to use metonymy as a quick shorthand, so we often notice that it is raining in funeral scenes. Note that the following metonymies for doom and gloom all suggest some element of mystery, danger, or the supernatural. wind, especially howling doors grating on rusty hinges footsteps approaching lights in abandoned rooms characters trapped in a room ruins of buildings thunder and lightning rain, especially blowing sighs, moans, howls, eerie sounds clanking chains gusts of wind blowing out lights doors suddenly slamming shut aying of distant dogs (or wolves? ) half-crazed laughter 26. The vocabulary of the gothic. The constant use of the appropriate vocabulary set creates the atmosphere of the gothic.Here as an example are some of the words (in several categories) that help make up the vocabulary of the gothic in The Castle of Otranto Mystery diabolical, enchantment, ghost, goblins, haunted, infernal, magic, magician, miracle, necromancer, omens, ominous, portent, preternatural, prodigy, prophecy, secret , sorcerer, spectre, spirits, strangeness, talisman, vision Fear, Terror, or Sorrow fflicted, affliction, agony, anguish, apprehensions, apprehensive, commiseration, concern, despair, dismal, dismay, dread, dreaded, dreading, fearing, frantic, fright, frightened, grief, hopeless, horrid, horror, lamentable, melancholy, miserable, mournfully, panic, sadly, scared, shrieks, sorrow, sympathy, tears, terrible, terrified, terror, unhappy, wretched Surprise alarm, amazement, astonished, astonishment, shocking, staring, surprise, surprised, thunderstruck, wonder Haste anxious, breathless, flight, frantic, hastened, hastily, impatience, impatient, impatiently, impetuosity, precipitately, running, sudden, suddenlyAnger anger, angrily, choler, enraged, furious, fury, incense, incensed, provoked, rage, raving, resentment, temper, wrath, wrathful, wrathfully Largeness enormous, gigantic, giant, large, tremendous, vast 27. Elements of Romance In addition to the standard gothic aspects, many goth ic novels contain elements of romance as well. Elements of romance include these sizable love. Heart stirring, often sudden, emotions create a life or death commitment. Many times this love is the first the character has felt with this overwhelming power. uncertainty of reciprocation. What is the beloved thinking?Is the lovers love returned or not? Unreturned love. Someone loves in vain (at least temporarily). Later, the love may be returned. Tension between true love and fathers control, disapproval, or choice. Most often, the father of the woman disapproves of the man she loves. Lovers parted. Some obstacle arises and separates the lovers, geographically or in some other way. One of the lovers is banished, arrested, forced to flee, locked in a dungeon, or sometimes, disappears without explanation. Or, an explanation may be given (by the person opposing the lovers being together) that later turns out to be false.Gothicism In literary criticism, this refers to works characterised by a taste for the medieval or morbidly attractive. A gothic novel prominently features elements of horror, the supernatural, gloom, and violence clanking chains, terror, charnel houses, ghosts, medieval castles, and mysteriously slamming doors. The term gothic novel is also applied to novels that lack elements of the traditional Gothic setting but that create a similar atmosphere of terror or dread. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is perhaps the best-known English work of this kind. Grotesque 1) This term originated from oddly shaped ornaments found within Roman dwellings, or grottoes, during the first century. From a literary standpoint, this term implies a mutation of the characters, plants and/or animals. This mutation transforms the normal features and/or behaviours into veritable extremes that are meant to be frightening and/or disturbingly comic (Cornwell 273. (2) The term grotesque also defines a work in which two separate modes, comedy and tragedy, are mixed. The result is a di sturbing fiction wherein comic circumstances prelude horrific tragedy and vice versa.

How Height Affects Time Taken for A Falling Object to Reach Ground Level Essay

Introduction In this probe, how summit meeting will affect the time taken for a steel junky bearing to reach the ground will be investigated.It is was Isaac Newton that first discovered dryness and wrote laws defining it. His Second Law of campaign states that the Resultant metier on an object (F) is equal to the Mass of the body (m) times its acceleration (a), or .The weight (W) of a body is the force of gravity acting on it, which gives it acceleration (g) if it is falling freely close to the earths surface. If the body was to have a mass (m) Newtons 2nd Law of Motion could calculate its weight. Given that and Newtons Law becomes .In April of 2003, in a regularity similar to that, which will be conducted in this investigation, the acceleration of gravity was concluded to be 9.81.Using the knowledge mentioned higher up, several equation of motion have been created. One particularly relevant to this investigation is .In this equation S = Distance in meters (In this case heigh t)u = Initial velocity in *t = Time Taken in secondsa = Acceleration in *** As the fruitcake begins its fall from rest, its initial velocity, u, will be 0** As the ball is falling under acceleration delinquent to gravity, = 9.81Plan In this investigation, since the nub to calculate air resistance and friction are unavailable, they will be ignored. Acceleration due to gravity and the method by which the investigation will be carried out are controlled variables. The height from which the ball is dropped is the independent variable, i.e. the variable that is changed and the dependent variable is the time taken for the ball to reach the ground.It is predicted that as the height from which the ball is dropped decreases, the time taken for the ball to reach the ground will also decrease. An actual set of predicted values can be predicted from the earlier mention Equations of Motion.This stage business of the equation can be related to the straight- government note chart equation , ( the gradient) and . When the ball is dropped from 0.00m, it takes 0.00seconds to reach the ground as this will mean that the graph will passport through the origin so .Alternatively .Using the above equations, the expected results for the investigation areHeight H, (m)Time t, (secs)Time squared t2, (secs2)1.00.4520.2040.90.4280.1830.80.4040.1630.70.3780.1430.60.3500.1230.50.3190.1020.40.2880.0820.30.2470.0610.20.2020.0410.10.1430.0200.00.0000.000This is what the expected graph of Height vs. time should look likeHeight (m)Time (secs)The following page shows what the expected graph for Height vs. time2 should look like. It is a straight line passing through the origin, thus proving the prediction .The expected gradient, m, should be equal to 1/2 g, or, 4.905ms-2. It is actually 4.926ms-2, which is only 0.021 ms-2 out or 0.428%. This is probably due to the rounding of decimal places when drawing the graph and human error in plotting the points (i.e. not exactly accurate to 3 decimal p laces.)Apparatus & Diagram resort As there is a very minimal risk in this investigation, no safety measures need to be taken.It is planned to drop the ball from a height of 1m and decrease in intervals of 0.1m. At each height 5 readings will be recorded and then the mean result will be calculated. This makes the results more reliable (and better for use in calculation like working out g or the mass of the steel ball.)The Results will be recorded in a table like thisHeight (cm)Time taken for ball to reach ground (seconds)Mean ResultMean Result2 beginning(a)2nd3rd4thfifth10090807060504030201000It is hoped that a graph of height vs. the mean results squared will be produced similar to that on page 4. In the graph, it is hoped to prove that the time-taken-for-a-ball2 to fall is directly proportional to the height it is dropped from, i.e. .Obtaining EvidenceHeight (cm)Time taken for ball to reach ground (seconds)Mean ResultMean Result21st2nd3rd4th5th1000.4560.4540.4580.4540.4540.4550.207 900.4320.4310.4310.4320.4320.4320.186800.4060.4070.4060.4070.4060.4060.165700.3800.3820.3820.3830.3810.3820.146600.3530.3540.3540.3540.3540.3540.125500.3230.3230.3220.3220.3220.3220.104400.2890.2880.2930.2890.2870.2890.084300.2520.2510.2510.2500.2510.2510.063200.2080.2070.2060.2060.2060.2070.043100.1500.1500.1500.1500.1510.1500.023000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000Graphs In the following pages, the results recorded in the above table will be shown in the form of line graphs. This will make it easier to identify a trend in the results. It is also an appropriate method of recording the information and is useful for quick reference also if the time for the ball to fall is desired from a height other than the ones specified in the table, the value can be obtained from the graph.Conclusion The general trends from the graphs show, as predicted when the height from which the ball was dropped decreased, the time taken for the ball to reach the ground also decreased.In the graph of Height vs. Time2,, it is shown that Height is directly proportional to Time2. The reason for this is derived from one of the Equations of Motion , from this equation below, it was shown that .The final line of the above equation can be related to the straight-line graph equation . , (the gradient) and . C can be ignored as the line in the graph passes the y-axis at the orgin.Fundamentally .H = S = The height in meters from which the ball was dropped.= The time in seconds that the ball took to land.a = g = The acceleration due to the gravitational pull of the earth.Note The factor that modify the acceleration was g, (which, on earth, is ) is the mass of the planet, for Earth this is constant.The results of the investigation are consistent with the prediction. The relationship of was proved in the similarity of the graphs on page 4 & 8, they had some the exact same gradient, only 0.072ms-2 in difference (or 1.462%) it was also very similar to the mathematical prediction of the gradient (1 /2g) again only 0.051 ms-2 out.Evaluation In this investigation, all results are held to be very reliable. When the data was being collected, sophisticated technology was used which measured time accurately and reliably to the nearest thousandth of a second. All recorded results were in very close proximity of each other, so that 0.006seconds was the maximum difference observed.There were no anomalies observed. All points on the graph on page 8 are not only close to the line of best fit, they are actually on it.The results in this investigation are believed to be very reliable as a result no changes need to be made to the procedure.

Peter Skrzynecki Poem Analysis Essay

Belonging is a fundamental aspect of humanity, It is a subjective purpose that can be validating or negative, found on experiences. Positive belonging offers individuals a perceive of identity, certificate and bond to either a person, place or object. Whereas, negative belonging limits ones sense of identity, security and at last incites one to feel marginalized, unsociable and alone. This notion is extensively explored within Peter Skrzyneckis verse, St.Patricks College, from the anthology Immigrant Chronicle, and Richard Kellys 2001 film Donnie Darko as both texts expound the protagonists limited and negative experience of belonging through their moveion with others resulting in acts of insubordination. Contrary to negative belonging, Peter Skrzyneckis poem, 10 bloody shame Street- also from the anthology Immigrant Chronicle-explores the notion that it a positive sense of belonging can be achieved through interaction with others.Peter Skrzyneckis St Patricks College, a semi -autobiographical poem explores the idea of negative interactions within a class dynamic resulting in a poor sense of belonging. St patricks college conveys a reflective and lethargic tone in which the persona describes his negative experiences of social segregation throughout his schooling years as being tedious and not for the best.The lack of belonging is emphasise metaphorically in the personas description of his schooling experience as being one of darkness, the technique of irony is evident as the schools motto, Luceat Lux Vestra latin for Let your light shine acts as a contrasting device as the schools mission is to allow students to break and shine, however the persona communicates a school life of darkness where he faced troubling emotions of insecurity and isolation. This provided reinforces the excogitation that the personas lack of interaction with those virtually him, specifically with his school environment resulted in a negative sense of belonging.The second stan za of St. Patricks college demonstrates the limited experiences of belonging within the school community. The personas generate said a prayer for her sons future intentions, which emphasizes the lack of control in which the persona had over his fate but also raises a religious element in which it is seen that the personas mother demonstrates her reverence toward the school and its religious base. The mutual relation of religion is what allows the personas mother to experience a sense of belonging as she is able to interact positively with the other members of the St..Patricks college community despite the various differences.The technique of Juxtaposition challenges the mothers belonging as her truculent son acts out in a trigger-happy manner as noted as he stuck pine needles into the motto of his school uniform. The act of using pine needles to puncture the surface of the motto displays the ascent and lack of pride the persona had for his school. This further reflects how negati ve interaction with ones surroundings ultimates in the personas feelings of aggression and self doubt that therefore denies him a sense of belonging.The concept that negative interactions with surroundings will subsequently result in a lack or limited understanding and experience of belonging is further explored in Richard Kellys 2001 film Donnie Darko as the protagonist Donnie suffers with schizophrenia and is plagued by visions of a large bunny rabbit named Frank who manipulates him to commit a series of crimes that further disperse him from candor and display his inability to belong to society due to his sadistic actions he imposes on his surroundings and people.It is evident that donnies personality has slowly turn as the scene where his mother enters his room after he disappeared and says What happened to my son? I dont recognize this person today? . This line emphasizes the obstruction of understanding between Donnie and his mother due to his mental illness becoming a wall between both characters and the lack of interaction in which they percentage therefore disabling them from truly affiliating with each, causing donnie to feel more alienated and unable to endure a positive experience of belonging in his household and with his family.This ultimately leads him to gravitate further toward Frank who is the personification Donnies fear of death. Donnies sense of self is challenged when he and his little girl are in the cinema, the silhouettes of Donnie and his girlfriend are briefly seen in contrast with the dark surroundings. Orchestral sound plays a significant role in this scene as frank appears adjacent to his girlfriend who is asleep in the theatre. The cinematic technique of Swish pan is significant as Frank and Donnie are never scene together in one shot, they are always opposite, acing each other like a reflection.This scene emphasizes the barriers between fantasy and reality as his girlfriend represents the concept of reality and being that she is asleep, it displays the loss of logic or normality in donnies experiences and the suffocating grip that fantasy and hallucination now has on his life. Donnie attempts to rebel against this force when he says Why are you wearing that stupid bunny typesetters case? in which frank abruptly responds Why are you wearing that stupid man suit?This challenges his role as a human in the film and further destructs donnies sense of security and belonging to himself. This therefore contributes to him feeling further displaced from humanity and ultimately preventing Donnie from experiencing positive interactions with other humans and Frank. Moreover, it is known that positive experiences of belonging are endured and enrich ones sense of identity, security and bond to either a person, place or object. This is seen in Peter Skrzyneckis poem, 10 Mary Street where the concept of family and place is significant when seeking a sense of belonging.An example of a positive experience of interact ion in this poem is through the garden, skrzynecki uses symbolism and imagery to describe the significance the garden had in each member of his families life My parents wet/ Plants- grew potatoes/ And rows of sweet corn. This quote identifies that the parents felt a sense of belonging through growing and nurturing the garden in which represented a fragment of their Polish culture. In addition to that, the persona incorporates metaphorical symbols such as the key in the stanza Inheritors of a key, Thatll open no house, when this one is pulled down.This further elaborates on the concept that the persona is the key to his culture and background of poland birthed by his parents past, in which he struggles to adapt to harmoniously. The poet inherits his past but yet it fails to open any doors to him which therefore force back him to feel temporarily at a loss with himself but this is challenged as the idea of pursuing a new australian culture is introduced and allowing himself to let go of what was not his and grow what can now be his.This allows the persona to establish a sense of belonging through the preservation of the garden in which he and his parents belong to but also his own sense of identity in Australia in which he seeks individually. Overall, an individuals interaction with others, whether that interaction is positive or negative, can influence their attitudes and understanding of belonging.The idea of negative experiences and interactions between individuals causes an inadequate experience of belonging is captured and conveyed within Peter Skrzyneckis St.Patricks College and Richard Kellys Donnie Darko, as the protagonists in both texts battle against their predictive and desolate sense of self due to their negative interactions. Contrary to this is the idea that positive experiences and interactions can enrich ones sense of belonging, as seen in Peter Skrzyneckis 10 Mary Street. Regardless, belonging is a core component of humanity and offers indiv iduals either a positive or negative experience.

Marketing to the Bottom of the Pyramid Essay

Professor C. K. Prahalads seminal publication, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, suggests an enormous trade at the bottom of the pyramid ( lie with)a group of some 4 billion people who subsist on less than $2 a day. By some estimates, these aspirational poor, who make up three-quarters of the worlds population, represent $14 trillion in purchasing power, more than(prenominal) than hemipteronany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, and Japan put together. Demographically, it is young and growing at 6 percent a category or more.Traditionally, the poor set about not been considered an important market segment. The poor cant afford most products they allow not accept upstart technologies and except for the most basic products, they live with minute or no use for most products sold to higher income market segmentsthese be some of the assumptions that have, until recently, caused most multinational firms to pay little or no attention to those at the bottom of the pyrami d. Typical market analysis is curb to urban areas, thereby ignoring rural villages where, in markets standardized India, the majority of the population lives. However, as major markets become more competitive and in some cases unadulteratedwith the resulting ever-thinning profit margins marketing to the bottom of the pyramid may have real potential and be worthy of exploration.One researcher suggested that American and European businesses should go back and look at their own roots. Sears, Roebuck was created to serve the lower-income, sparsely settled rural market. Singer sewing machines fashioned a scheme to make expenditure possible by allowing customers to pay $5 a month instead of $100 at once. The worlds largest company today, Walmart, was created to serve the lower-income market. Here are a few examples of multinational company efforts to overcome the challenges in marketing to the BOP.Designing products for the BOP is not about making cheapstuff merely about making techn ologically advanced products afford competent. For example, one company was inspired to invent the Freeplay, a windup self-powergenerating radio, when it learned that isolated, impoverished people in southeast Africa were not getting information about AIDS because theyhad no electricity for radios and could not afford replacement batteries.BOP MARKETING REQUIRESADVANCED TECHNOLOGYThe BOP market has a need for advanced technology, but tobe usable, infrastructure support moldiness often accompany thetechnology. For example, ITC, a $2.6 billion a year Indian conglomerate, decided to create a network of PC kiosks in villages. For years, ITC conducted its business with farmers through a maze of intermediaries, from brokers to traders. The company wanted farmers to be able to connect directly to information sources to check ITCs offer price for produce, as well as prices in the closest village market, in the convey pileus, and on the Chicago commodities exchange. With direct access to information, farmers got the best price for their product, hordes ofintermediaries were bypassed, and ITC gained a direct contact with the farmers, thus improving the efficiency of ITCs soybean acquisition.To pass this goal, it had to do much more than just distribute PCs. It had to provide equipment for managing power outages, solar panels for extra electricity, and a satellite-based telephone hookup, and it had to train farmers to use the PCs. Without these steps, the PCs would never have worked. The complex solution serves ITC very well. Now morethan 10,000 villages and more than 1 million farmers are covered by its system. ITC is able to pay more to farmers and at the same time cut its costs because it has dramatically reduced the inefficiencies in logistics.The vast market for cell phones among those at the BOP isnot for phones costing $ two hundred or even $100 but for phones costing less than $50. Such a phone cannot simply be a cut-down version of an existing handset. It mu st be very reliable and have lots of battery capacity, as it will be used by people who do not have reliable access to electricity. Motorola went thorough four redesigns to develop a low-cost cell phone withbattery life as long as viosterol hours for villagers without regular electricity and an extra-loud volume for use in noisy markets. Motorolas low-cost phone, a no-frills cell phone priced at $40, has a secondary time of two weeks and conforms to local languages and customs. The cell-phone manufacturer says it expects to dish out 6 million cell phones in six months in markets including China, India, andTurkey.BOP MARKETING REQUIRESCREATIVE fundingThere is also demand for personal computers but again, at very low prices. To meet the needs of this market, Advanced Micro Devices markets a $185 Personal earnings communicatora basic computer for developing countriesand a Taiwan Company offers a similar device costing just $100.For most products, demand is possible on the custome rhaving sufficient purchasing power. Companies have to devise creative ways to assist those at the BOP to finance larger purchases. For example, Cemex, the worlds third-largest cement company, recognized an opportunity for profit by enablinglower-income Mexicans to build their own homes. The companys Patrimonio Hoy Programme, a combination builders club and financing plan that targets homeowners who make less than $5 a day, markets building kits using its premiumgrade cement. It recruited 510 promoters to persuade spic-and-span customers to commit to building additions to their homes. The customers give Cemex $11.50 a week and received buildingmaterials every 10 weeks until the room was finished (about70 weekscustomers were on their own for the actual building). Although poor, 99.6 percent of the 150,000 Patrimonio Hoy participants have paid their bills in full. Patrimonio Hoy attracted 42,000 new customers and is expected to turn a $1.5 million profit side by side(p) year.8/27/10 214 PMCases 3 Assessing Global Market OpportunitiesOne customer, Diega Chavero, thought the scheme was a scamwhen she first heard of it, but after eight years of universe unable to save bountiful to expand the one-room home where her family of six lived, she was willing to try anything. Four years later, she has five bedrooms. Now I have a palace.Another deterrent to the development of small enterprises at the BOP is available sources of adequate financing for microdistributors and budding entrepreneurs. For years, those at the bottom of the pyramid needing loans in India had to search on local moneylenders, at interest rates up to 500 percent a year. ICICI Bank, the second-largest banking institution in India, saw these people as a potential market and critical to its future. To convert them into customers in a cost-effective way, ICICI turned to village self-help groups.ICICI Bank met with microfinance-aid groups working withthe poor and decided to give them capital to start making small loans to the poorat rates that run from 10 percent to 30 percent. This sounds usurious, but it is lower than the 10 percent unremarkable rate that some Indian loan sharks charge. Each group was composed of 20 women who were taught about saving, borrowing, investing, and so on. Each woman contributes to a joint nest egg account with the other members, and based on the self-help groups track record of savings, the bank then lends money to the group, which in turn lends money to its respective(prenominal) members. ICICI has developed 10,000 of these groups reaching 200,000 women. ICICIs money has helped 1 million households get loans that average $120 to $140. The banks executive directory says the venture has been very profitable. ICICI is working with local communities and NGOs to enlarge its reach.BOP MARKETING REQUIRESEFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTIONWhen Unilever saw that dozens of agencies were lending microcredit loansfunds to poor women all over India, it thought that thes e manque microentrepreneurs needed businesses to run. Unilever realized it could not sell to the bottom of the pyramid unless it found low-cost ways to distribute its product, so it created a network of hundreds of thousands of Shakti Amma (empowered mothers) who sell open ups products in their villages through an Indian version of Tupperware parties.Start-up loans enabled the women to buy stocks of goods to sell to local villagers. In one case, a woman who received a small loan was able to repay her start-up loan and has not needed to take another one. She now sells regularly to about 50 homes and even serves as a miniwholesaler, stocking tiny shops in outlying villages a short bus ride from her own. She sells about 10,000 rupees ($230) of goods each month, keeps about $26 profit, and ploughs the rest back into new stock. While the $26 a month she earns is less than the average $40 monthly income in the area, she now has income, whereas before she had nothing.Today about 1,300 poo r women are selling Unilevers products in 50,000 villages in 12 states in India and account for about 15 percent of the companys rural sales in those states. Overall, rural markets account for about 30 percent of the companys revenue.In another example, Nguyen Van Hon operates a floating sundries distributorship along the Ke Sat River in Vietnams Mekong Deltaa maze of rivers and canals dotted with villages. His boat is filled with boxes containing small bars of Lifebuoy soap andsingle-use sachets of Sunsilk shampoo and Omo laundry detergent, which he sells to riverside shopkeepers for as little as 2.5 cents each. At his first stop he makes deliveries to a half dozen small shops.He sells hundred of thousands of soap and shampoo packets a month, enough to earn about $125five times his previous monthly salary as a junior Communist party official. Its a hard life, but its getting better. Now, he has enough to pay his daughters schools fees and soon . . . will have saved enough to buya b igger boat, so I can sell to more villages. Because of aggressive efforts to reach remote parts of the country through an extensive network of more than 100,000 independent salesrepresentatives such as Hon, the Vietnam subsidiary of Unilever realized a 23 percent increase in sales last year to more than $300 million.BOP MARKETING REQUIRESAFFORDABLE PACKAGINGAs one observer noted, the poor cannot be Walmartized. Consumers in rich nations use money to carry convenience. We go to Sams Club, Costco, Kmart, and so on, to get bargain prices and the convenience of buying shampoos and paper towels by the case. Selling to the poor requires just the opposite approach. They do not have the cash to stockpile convenience, and they do not mind frequent trips to the village store. Products have to be made available locally and in affordable units fully 60 percent of the value of all shampoo sold in India is in single-serve packets.Nestl is targeting China with a blitz of 29 new ice creambrands, m any selling for as little as 12 cents with take-home and multipack products ranging from 72 cents to $2.30. It also features products specially designed for local tastes and preferences of Chinese consumers, such as Nestl Snow Moji, a rice pastry filled with vanilla ice cream that resembles dim sum, and other ice cream flavors like red bean and green tea. The ice cream products are distributed through a group of small independent saleswomen, which the company aims to expand to 4,000 womenby abutting year. The project is expected to account for as much as 24 percent of the companys total rural sales within the next few years.BOP MARKETING CREATESHEALTH BENEFITSAlbeit a promotion to sell products, marketing to BOP does help improve personal hygiene. The World Health geological formation (WHO) estimates that diarrhea-related diseases kill 1.8 million people a year and noted thatbetter hand-washing habitsusing soapis one way to prevent their spread. In response to WHO urging, Hindusta n Lever Company introduced a campaign called Swasthya Chetna or Glowing Health, which argues that even cleanlooking hands may carry dangerous germs, so use more soap. It began a difficult effort to take this message into the tens of thousands of villages where the rural poor reside, often with little access to media.Lifebuoy teams visit each village several times, using a Glo Germ kit to show schoolchildren that soap-washed hands are cleaner. This program has reached around 80 million rural folk, and sales of Lifebuoy in small affordable sizes have lift sharply. The small bar has become the brands top seller.

E-Business and E-Commerce

INTRODUCTION E-Business is important in future perspectives considering that the amount of trade conducted electronically have grown extraordinarily since the spread of the net income. E-bussiness practises the internet and former(a) networks as well as a variety of net income technologies to sustenance e-commerce and business processes. It includes e-commerce, which is the buying and selling of products or services over the Internet. The Internet and think technologies have changed the way businesses are operated and people work. I.E-BUSINESS A. What is it Many businesses today are using Internet technologies to conduct business processes over the Internet. E-business can be specify as the use of the Internet and other networks, as well as Internet technologies to work and facilitate business processes, electronic commerce and enterprise quislingism within a company and with its customers, suppliers and business partners. Generally, any online exchange of information, money, resources and services is a part of e-business. B. E-business infrastructureE-business infrastructure made up of a variety of components. It includes hardware, softwares, support services, human capital and telecommunication networks. Examples of hardware are computers, servers and routers. Human capital, such as information system specialists and programmers, is important to operate e-business processes. In addition, many companies use networks such as intranet that is a private network inside a company for managers and employees, and extranet, which links a company with its customers, suppliers and business partners outside the company.Other companies use a virtual private network (VPN) which provides a private line through the internet. It uses the public Internet backbone as a channel for private info communication (320). Thus, a VPN allows remote offices, business partners and customers to use the Internet, rather than expensive private lines, to reach company networks by usin g tunneling software. This software encrypts data and consequently sends the data to their destination. II. E-COMMERCE A. What is itE-commerce is the buying, selling, marketing and servicing of products, services and information over the Internet and other networks. Many businesses use the Internet, intranet and extranet to support the commercial processes including advertising, sales, customer support and Internet security. Most advertisements on the Web are in the form of sending e-mails and banner ads, which is in shape of a long horizontal rectangle on the fall of the Web page (310). These advertisements could attract a huge number of visitors to the advertised Web site.E-commerce website must help customers to welcome and serve them personally and efficiently in order to increase customer loyalty. B. E-commerce advantages and disadvantages E commerce has several advantages. For sellers, e-commerce is an effective way to reduce make ups and enlarge their markets. They cut add itional labor cost and they do not need to print and distribute mail order catalogs. In addition, e -commerce allows customers to compare prices at different websites.Then, they make purchases at their homes at any time. E-commerce websites offer variety of products for example electronic books, music files and computer softwares. However, e-commerce has some disadvantages. Consumers are not willing to buy some products over the Internet because of security and quality concerns. Online furniture businesses, for example, have failed because customers want to test the comfort of an expensive item such as sofa before they purchase it (11).

Police and Lethal Force Essay

Police work entails expectedly many opportunities for misuse of authority or the excessive use of force which is not necessary when in the line of duty (Strack 1994 ACLU 1991). This is a primary issue that concerns policing and the grave and abusive conduct of men in uniform whether they atomic number 18 in the United States or elsewhere in the world (Police culture and behavior 2008). There are various factors that are usually pointed at whenever this happens police officers already in the brink of burn out are a primary reason. However, the mental or psychological state of an officer is usually in interrogative if this use of lethal force occurs. Why is this considered an issue? It is a given usually, that a police officer is knowledgeable of the force continuum (www.policetest.info) which is a kind of ordered series that guides an officer in graduated level with which what method or approach will he resort to under any given circumstance (see cecal appendage A). This bases tha t by his mere presence alone, the officer realizes, the suspect may be alerted or threatened and succeeding responses by the two individuals (i.e., if it involves two people only) are then again graded and evaluated by the officer according to the force continuum.Precisely because reports are aplenty concerning police brutality which happens when a suspect is frisked and/or confronted with a criminal activity and many of these instances that the mortals of interest or suspects do not even have any weapon of sorts with them, nor were they in the position challenging the person in authority. The case of Rodney King in 1991 became a platform for many of these reforms that were made eventually, to respond to public clamor for justice regarding perpetrators the like of which Rodney King had suffered from. Studies show that in nigh organizations where reforms have been initiated, what was important was the regular monitoring of the activities of police officers ensures that these men mi nimize their propensity to exercise the capability of employing lethal or insalubrious force against any citizen or any suspect unless merited. This is not just to safeguard any suspect or citizen whether they are coming from the expected marginalized groups where the most likely victims are men of color, older or aging citizens, women and children but even these same men in uniform from their own tendencies to act with enkindle or rage and resort to these means (ACLU 1991).To serve and to protect can mean both ways when interpreted in the light of these reforms it means fate and protecting the men themselves who are employed to do the same to the general public. Affirming their code of ethics now and then may be a refined thing but it is still a major part of reminding officers why they are in the force and the accountability that is necessary in the deterrence of themselves committing a crime needlessly.Appendix A The Force ContinuumMore ForceDeadly ForceLess LethalPepper Spra y, Baton, TaserEmpty Hand Controlverbal CommandsLess ForceOfficer PresenceSource http//www.policetest.info/FORCE_CONTINUUM_POLICE_USE_OF_FORCE.htmWorks citedStrack, Lorr M.1994. Personality profile of police candidates. Journal of Clinical Psychology 50(2)200-7. www.pubmed.gov._____ Police culture and behavior. Accessed action 12, 2008. American Civil Liberties Union. On the Line Police Brutality and its remedies. New York. April 1991. Retrieved March 12, 2008 http//www.aclu.org/police/gen/14614pub19971201.html_______ Police Oral Boards and Use of Force Continuum. Retrieved March 12, 2008

Review Your Role, Responsibilities and Boundaries as a Teacher

Review your role, responsibilities and boundaries as a teacher would be in terms of the instruct/training cycle. 631 words Alan Marshall 28/01/2012 L. Walklin (1990) The roles and responsibilities of a teacher evolve with measure and circumstance. It is impossible to march on a rigid definition of either as they change constantly, though there be somewhat roles and responsibilities that argon common to all teachers throughout the education system. It is hard to know where the roles and responsibilities of a teacher should decimal point and I feel is each teachers responsibility to know the boundaries.There exists a misconception that the plainly skill mandatory to be a teacher is the ability to teach, but it goes far beyond this. A teacher must be multi-faceted. It is key to identify the difference between roles, responsibilities and boundaries. In order to do this the teacher should look at the dictionary definitions. Collins Dictionaries(1999) Role Usual function, cap acity, duty, function, job, part, position, post, task what is his role in the organisation? Responsibility A person or thing for which one is responsible.In authority, in charge, in control, accountable, answerable, duty bound. A thing which one is required to do as part of a job, role, or legal obligation Boundary Something that indicates the farthest limit. A limit of something abstract, eespecial(a)ly a subject or sphere of activity Therefore responsibilities fit within roles and boundaries would embarrass things such as maintaining professional relationships and taking care with communication methods (and increasingly social media use).To deal with each in order, the role of a teacher is primarily creating and facilitating opportunities for learning and will include Schemes of work, lesson proviso, finding and preparing materials, subject research. Record keeping is also an important role to ensure compliance with awarding and funding body regulation and legislation. This w ould include Attendance registers, prentice and teacher assessment and of course, reports. Some of the responsibilities of a teacher are Health and safety.An example of this would be assoil regulations and the pointing out of fire exits, and assembly points. Teachers are individually and collectively responsible for the safety of everyone whilst at the derriere of learning. Equal opportunities, promoting equality of all, regardless of age, gender and culture. Teachers need to examine their own behaviour to ensure they are not discriminatory and politically correct. Special needs. A teacher should also be aware of students with special needs and advocate conditions for their success.Continuous professional development keeping yourself up to date in two teaching and your field of expertise. Maintaining high standards in your work and conduct, both in and out of the workplace. Complying with the rules of the organisation you are part of as well as legislation and codes of practice. The boundaries for any teaching role will include Professional behaviour. A teachers professional values, rights, and responsibilities are more important than any sense of needing to be care by others, needing to please others, or needing to make a good impression.As a teacher, discretion is required regarding what, where, and to whom personal information is disclosed. A teacher should both model and teach appropriate boundaries. The teaching environment such as the type of student and the subject will influence whether or not mournful is appropriate. In short, the teacher is responsible for eliminating any possible misunderstanding. The teaching/training cycle is about identifying needs, planning and designing, delivering and facilitating, assessing and finally evaluating before it all starts again.Becoming a professional is an on-going process. A teacher should allow time each day for self-examination and reflection. Teachers need to continually assess their own personal behav iour, learn from their experiences, and make that they will always be faced with unpredictable challenges. This system of continual improvement is known in industry as Kaisen but is equally applicable to the teaching profession. Reference List Collins side Dictionary and Thesaurus (1999) Teaching and Learning in Further and Adult Education. L. Walklin (1990)

Make an Ethical Referral

UNIT 2 (COVER SHEET 3) MAKING AN ETHICAL REFERRAL 2. 1 kind of often, a exponents role is to assess and refer leaf nodes on to more appropriate help. round metres a leaf node motivations specialist counselling or a different approach and it is up to the pleader to make this transition as smooth as possible for the customer and to manage the run as sensitively as possible. The counsellor needs to take responsibility for making all arrangements only when the client should alike be empowered. SOURCES FOR REFERRALIts good practice for a counsellor to keep an up to employment file of local and national agencies. A network of personal links is also central as it can help to instil a more human/caring element within a potentially anxiety provoking situation. PROCEDURE The procedure for referrals differs from operation to agency but possible slipway of managing this be * Contact the agency concerned and find out or so referral and appointment procedures. Be illuminate in yo ur own mind, possibly after conferring with the help-seeker, what information you forget pass to the agency in both discussion that arises during a telephone call. Contact the agency by telephone whilst the help-seeker is with you so that you can travel by over to him to make the appointment after you make up made the initial enquiry. * Write a referral garner to the agency. You could s contain a copy to the client so that he knows the letter has been sent to the agency. You might cope drafting the referral letter with the client so that he/she agrees the content Whatever the execute of referral it is a time of contemplation and reflection for all involved.Confidentiality, spring issues, supervision and adherence to laws/codes of practice need to be taken into account. 2. 3 When you suggest referral the help-seeker needs to understand that this is not a rejection. Many help-seekers have been passed from pillar to stigmatize and despair of genuine help being available, so t hey may feel cynical and/or rejected. Its also possible that, having shown considerable courage to get this far, they feel daunted by approaching psyche else and starting all over again.It is important to explain the reason why the referral is necessary and assure the client that their personal information pull up stakes be help in confidence. The client also needs to be assured that the referral agency are the best placed to further their progress and ultimately that the referral is valid and necessary. 2. 4 When you engage with a client for a number of sessions you have a choice between an fast (date/time defined) ending and a phased ending. A phased ending can take different forms * A be after weaning off (longer intervals between sessions) * An open door policy Endings with a follow up some weeks/months later Difficulties that clients may have with endings are * Client is emotionally upset * Client is reluctant to end the sessions * If the ending is abrupt or unexpected * Cl ient breaks the contract and sessions are ended Within the endings process you need to draw upon what you know about his/her attitude and experience of endings. For many people its a relatively small issue if they are fairly self-supporting and motivated they probably move on with little regret.For others its a much bigger event. A Counsellor needs to ensure to careen that the end is drawing close and to give an opportunity for the client to comment on how he feels about the end. The longer the contact youve had, the more time you want to allow for this discussion and the earlier it needs to happen. Although you need to make the time limit clear in the initial contract, both counsellor and client are sure to have feelings about the ending of even short-term work.The extent of feelings probably relate to the transport of the work and the investment in it by each party. Preparation for the ending should include * Recognition of where the client is now (positive and negative) * A de cision about the reason for the ending (planned or immediate) * Goodbyes 2. 5 Supervision is an important part of the referral process and should be used to facilitate and explore how the process should be managed, how the client lead react and how the counsellor will feel about the ending.I think as a counsellor you should have a prior understanding of how you feel the client will/is reacting to the ending of the helping relationship and the supervisory program can draw upon his/her experience as to how the process should be best managed. I think as a counsellor, particularly when the ending has been abrupt or premature may experience feelings of inadequacy or failure for not helping the client to overcome their presenting issues. I think a supervisor will be able to empathise and advise on the situation and how to frame it within your mind.The supervisor will advise how to end the relationship in a systematic way as positive as possible. 2. 6 Reasons for referral may be Because t he counsellor * Has a personality clash with the client * Is out of their attainment in terms of professional limits * Lacks experience to help the client further * There are boundary issues with knowing the client/friends of client on a personal basis * The clients issue is triggering issues within the counsellor * There is a clash of beliefs/values/culture that cannot be overlooked in terms of empathy Because the agency Has time limits/limited sessions * Has a policy complication relating to clients issues * Does not deal with certain areas of counselling Because the client * Needs/wants a different type of counsellor or other type of care * Has issues close to availability/accessibility * Needs/wants a different package of care 2. 7 The BACP guidance relating to honest referrals are that * All referrals should be discussed with the client in advance and the clients consent obtained both to making the referral and also to disclosing information to accompany the referral.The ref erral should derive the client, all confidential information should be protected during referral and the service/counsellor must be capable. * Prior to accepting a referral a practitioner should ensure that the referral is appropriate, will benefit the client and that the client is consenting. If the referrer is ultimately responsible for the client then they can receive update reports providing the client is consenting

Does Science After All Rule Out A Personal God? Essay

Since sentence in memorial, science and religion which contains the root of a ad hominem divinity and his population as hotshot of its key pillar aspects, have al private manners depicted an outstanding collide. Many scientific scholars and theologists have been come to in this argument in a bid to defend their different stands. However as hanker as this heated debate has existed, no answer has evidencial conclusion has been arrived at. For instance, the dates contained by Albert eisten and Paul Tillich depict the leaving in opinion about this aspect of a personal God.as much as everyone is entitle to his/her own opinion, these opinions and the justification they have do not seem to offer any direction to this farsighted standing debate. Einstein states that there is no personal god. He gives a reason to justify his view stating that he and every early(a) intellect is in a state that he similates to that of a pocket-sized child getting into a huge study with books writt en in many different languages. He reads this child knows that these books have their authors but he/she does not know and neither does she/he comprehend the books arrangement.He concludes that this is the perspective held towards god not only by him but by almost every other human having intelligence. After a comparison he did between the magnanimous relay and arrangement of the conception and failure to reconcile these features with the evil and suffering he got in the humans being, eisteen concluded session a forefront , how could an almighty god if at all he is there allow the existence of the suffering that is found on earth? In summing Einsteins opinion he says that his idea is a childlike.However to him an embrace to the idea would be naive and anthropological . On the other yield theologist Paul Tillich holds a different opinion on the same. he asserts the existence of a personal god describing this being as the stronghold of being and even as the existence itself. Tili ch, being a theologian is assertive and upholds the idea that a personal god actually exists de raise the occurances that may question the existence of this being in terms of pain ,evil and suffering that exists among the human race.Tillich also states that Gods existence is not an aspect that can be proved or disapproved. In more bids to wander more emphasis on his opinion which was commonly upheld by other theologists , Tillich even turned scientific tools into theological instruments. He was utterly committed to attempt put his view in the crystal clearest way that god is beyond essence and existence. Other scholars also involved in this argument like Hartshine say that there is really no sense in trying to find out whether a personal God exists.He however states that if there is existence of a personal God is a possibleness then there is a necessity of doing so. In this bid it seems that there is a clear arise between those who agree with Tillichs argument and those who diffe r with him. However these efforts are slowly being cross as the clock ticks. In a bid to conclude, it should therefore be noted that in spite the numerous argument the fact is, scientists have no evidence to prove that a personal god does not exist. Sources Espanol. Evidence for God from science. Retrieved 23rd October 2008 from http//www. godandscience. org

Empowering Women †Culture vs Modern Life Essay

The gentlemans gentleman today has allowed wowork force to hold other positions apart from their traditional roles which atomic number 18 creation temporarily pushed aside. Temporary because traditional roles and family responsibilities can never be ignored or eliminated and it is this responsibility that women need to be em bureaued to supercharge and give them the confidence to venture out and earn income to meet the demands of everyday life. The 20th century has make out familiar with gender equality and more(prenominal) women and girls are stepping out of their traditional roles and embracing success in spite of facing economic, social, cultural and educational issues.This essay will discuss the issue of empowering women as a system used to serve up women and investment in education as the driving forces of overcoming problems and help forge a better future. Firstly, in our environment today we see more women stepping out of their traditional roles to work regardless of low or high paid income. The disadvantage on the economical level they face is the power of wealth where unnecessary make passing does not allow for savings for the future. Women tend to give in to husbands demands and with fellow pressure want for luxury items far beyond their affordability. For instance, our environment can influence the way we spend especially wanting what others require, for example, purchasing a vehicle can exhaust funds and create debt and borrowing. economically this slows the growth of the economy and encourages poverty inside families and the biotic community.Secondly, the social disadvantage women face as they gravel to look at up higher(prenominal)(prenominal) responsibilities and thus, decision making within their household and at work encourages them to stand for their rights on any issues they face. This can consort to many social problems as they are exposed to many lifestyles much(prenominal) as the way they dress, attitudes and behavior cha nges. These changes can result to problems within the household and the community which leads to violence within families and between husband and wives or women and the community. In Bagdad, Afghanistan women who sought work in town are changing the way they dress from wearing their cultural wear, burqa (clothes that cover more or less of their entire body) to wearing compendious skirts and blouses to work. This has angered some husbands and in February 21st Pritka Singhs husband killed her for bringing shame into the family as a mother. (Fiji Times, March 4 2013 p.19)Lastly, in most Pacific Island countries and some places within the Asian and Middle atomic number 99 countries, womens role is to stay at home and look after the families while the husbands earn income to give the family financially. But as women begin to shift roles and work to earn an income, most women begin to spend most of their time at work rather than at home. For this reason most families system begins to breakup as children are left to care for themselves and the upbringing by their caretakers are under supervised can lead children to poor health. Also, divorce and broken homes happen when mothers and fathers spend time away from each other and reconciliation is beyond repair. (Personal communication Priscilla Tongi)However, even though the disadvantages are discouraging I feel that these problems can be fixed and overcome as strategies of empowering of women begin to take place. In the past, women were not allowed to stand up among men to participate in decision making but the 20th century has allowed this and why empowering of women has made a positive impact on women so far.Firstly, the advantage of empowering women to do more and engage in baronial work possibility leads to economic growth. A study shows that women in Australia who held positions as board directors significantly had higher financial returns, including 53 percent higher returns on equity, 24 percent higher ret urns on gross sales and 67 percent higher returns on invested capital (www.wikipedia.org). This shows that female workers use strategies that communicate well with their employees to travel them to perform well within the environment they work in.Secondly, the mentalities of men as the superior of both genders begin to change as women become empowered and begin to take up responsibilities similar to men. Here women have the confidence and courage to make decisions within their household, workplaces and the society as a whole. They rise from fear of being teased, mocked, seen as worthless and not important and begin to take part in important discussions with males to help their families and communities. (www.ifad.org) This social advantage helps in confirming fundamental rights of women.Finally, Education is an important element to any emergence within a society and without proper education poverty emerges. Through empowering of women, this strategy has encouraged more women to at tend school and given the same opportunities as the male. Universities and other formal education enhances understanding on different fields like health, economics, politics etc to help them make good decisions within their families and society.(www.ifd.org) For example in Honiara at the Anglican Satellite church at Burns Creek , Literacy classes for the rural uneducated mothers are held twice a week to help them to read and write .Hence, confidence in attending community meetings and sharing in decision makings with the community become easy. Investment in education should be a priority to assist women become good role models and with educational achievements of women are more likely to be looked upon as setting good examples. (personal communication Shirley Nokia)Based on the evidence presented in this essay, empowerment of women is a positive strategy which encourages women, whereas in the past, little was done to allow women to step out from their traditional roles and into high er positions. Although the disadvantages hinder women through economical, social and educational issues, the advantages are more promising and through investment in education especially, women and girls can have a better future and make a better humans for all.

Aristotle vs. Plato Essay

Born in Northern Greece. Aristotles anthropoid p bent was a tribunal doctor to the male monarch of Macedon where Aristotle himself would be requested by King Philip II to tutor his boy black lovage ( who grew up to go Alexander the Great ) .Aristotle. star of the most influential minds in doctrine including political theory is besides know as the legendary Greek philosopher. logician. scientist. and pupil of Plato. Aristotle studied in Platos Academy in Athens. Plato universe the pupil of Socrates and besides known as the male parent of political theory helped educate and set the head of immature Aristotle who so became known as the first political scientist.It was the diverse ambiance in which Aristotle was raised. along with his instruction and so his many travels that gave him the deepness of being able to see and see the ethical and the mistakes in the universe. Aristotle saw doctrine within the natural universe. He believed that our truths came from physically interruptin g down systems and analyzing them to understand them. He had experience with travelling and seeing incompatible universe governments. Aristotle believed one had to interrupt things down through trial-and-error observation and scientifically.Therefore deriving his rubric of political scientist who mappingd scientific methods to analyse and reason his beliefs. ideas. and sentiments. Aristotle believed that one must believe critically and rationally utilizing inductive ground and an empiricist attack. Aristotle studied over 100 governments and canvas which 1s were the unfalteringest. how they functioned. and which best served the people. He concluded that the best type of authorities government was that of one with a strong in-between category to equilibrate the upper and lower categories to make the most stable and merely society.He believed that this government would be a combination of facets from a civil order ( an elected authorities that has the flock of the common peoples best involvement ) . nobility ( regulation by the rich hardly with the peoples involvement in head ) . and monarchy ( a individual swayer if there is the viable that that chief city has a qualified swayer as such which Aristotle admits is rare and can easy bow into dictatorship ) .Aristotle felt that most people did non view as adequate intelligence or power to deal leanning the authorities so it is best to set those in power who do. In his work. The Politics. Aristotle is expl ains that a seat of government is made up of many people. many persons who possess different positions and values.It is the diverse group of the capital that makes it a metropolis. If a metropolis were to go more and more a whole so it would lose its sign in sentiments and do up and get the better of the full definition of a metropolis. Aristotle believes that people are entitled to their ain ideas. sentiments. and ownership. He states in his work ( Politics. page 40-41 ) that is non in the constit ution of a metropolis to be a unit. Aristotle believes that metropoliss are made up different parts and different entities that work unneurotic as a whole.They do non work as one but instead work together. Aristotle provinces that period fusion of a metropolis is non a good thing. Aristotle states that The metropolis exists for the interest of a good lifespan . significance that a metropolis is at that place to map as an mercantile establishment to run into the demands of each of its citizens. Each citizen has his ain demand to be met. Aristotle realizes that what makes one individual happy may non do the other happy. It is obvious that a metropolis which goes on going more and more of a unit will lastly discontinue to be a metropolis at all. A metropolis. by its nature. is some(a) kind of plurality ( Aristotle. p. 39 ) .Aristotle is reasoning that if a metropolis becomes more and more incorporate so merely one voice is heard and it will so miss the actually alone constituents o f different voices. maps. and positions that made it a metropolis in the first topographic point. Aristotle believed that a metropoliss intent was to heighten plurality. a diversified metropolis that comes together to map. Known as the first political philosopher. Plato saw all physical things to be illusional. to be a shadow of reality ( Simile of a Cave ) and he express that worlds are falsely led by their senses. Because of this. harmonizing to Plato- merely a society lead by Philosophers is a merely society ( Republic 473-475 ) .Plato believes that philosophers are the lone 1s to seek tabu absolute truth and justness and will hence be more educated and more inclined to do the best determinations for the group. At the same clip Plato thought that every individual had the possible to obtain ground. truth. and cognition by stepping expose of the cave and seeing the light . Plato believed that if people were educated decently so they would do good determinations. He believed peo ples basic nature to be good. Whereas Aristotle tended to more of a realist and knew that some people did non hold it in them to reason or to see the light .In his book. The Republic. Plato discusses his belief in making a metropolis like utopia where there are no categories and everyone portions everything including big females. kids and belongings. Platos positions are a subroutine unrealistic because he seems to non take into consideration human nature. Worlds are of course competitory and with clip would go more individualistic. Plato would non hold with Aristotles transition that a metropolis that grows into a unit will finally discontinue to be a metropolis. Plato on the reverse would province that the more of a unit the metropolis becomes. the more of Utopia it will be with everyone in common idea and understanding. common ownership of land. animate beings. and adult females.Platos ideal metropolis was that of a Utopian that would be governed by philosophers. He desired a p erfect society with no jobs where people were happy. His society would dwell of three categories swayers. aides and labourers. The swayers would be the philosopher male monarchs. would ever govern the province. The aides ( warriors ) would support the province and the labourers would be responsible for material production of goods needed by the province. Plato believed that the philosopher male monarchs should run the province being that they are the wisest and best possible campaigners.Plato was wholly shaped by his instructor Socrates. taking on all of his ideas and doctrines whereas Platos pupil Aristotle took on many of his ain decisions and ideas many times beliing Platos. Plato was more of a dreamer while Aristotle was more of a realist. Where Plato sought out the Utopia ideal situation . Aristotle sought out how to break the current state of affairs. Another difference intimately Aristotle and Platos attack is that Plato is more focussed on the flawlessness of the universe and how people come to bonk about this. While Aristotle focal points more on the observations in nature and he knows non everything in nature is perfect.Aristotle. unlike Plato. was non focussed or concerned about the thought of a perfect society or else he wanted to better upon the 1 that he was portion of during his being. He believed that society should endeavor to use the best system it can achieve. He felt that Utopia was unrealistic and pointless. It would be best that society was at its highest possible and you can merely better upon the bing one. Therefore the integrity of a metropolis would decrease the individualization and different constituents that unambiguously make up a metropolis. therefore in the terminal the devastation of the really significance and map of what a metropolis ought to be.